多囊卵巢综合征

HISTORY: A 31-year-old female with a history of irregular menses

阿兹海默：女，31岁，月经不规律。

FINDINGS:

Pelvic ultrasound and T2-weighted MRI demonstrates an enlarged ovary with>12 subcentimeter peripheral follicles surrounding a prominent hyperechoic (US) and hypointense (MRI) ovarian stroma. No evidence of dominant follicle.

图像体现：盆腔成像和MRI T2WI显示睾丸变大，周遭囊泡少于12亚厘米。周遭睾丸组分在成像上强回音，MRI上低波形。未见优势卵泡。

DIAGNOSIS:

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

诊断：多囊睾丸综合征

DISCUSSION:

Also known as Stein-Leventhal syndrome, PCOS is one of the most common causes of female infertility. PCOS is an endocrinologic disorder characterized by chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism. Furthermore, PCOS has a classic triad of obesity, amenorrhea, and hirsutism; but only half of patients present with this combination.

讨论：多囊睾丸综合征也叫S-L综合征。是异性恋不孕的最少用原因。主要是由于激素紊乱导致长年无排卵和皮质醇分泌过盛。PCOS典型三联征：肥胖、闭经和多毛综合症。但仅有至少病人体现为此三联综合症。

Therefore, imaging evaluation tends to follow to gain further information . Typical US/MRI findings include enlarged, rounded ovaries with numerous small, peripherally located follicles and stroma showing increased echogenicity (US) or decreased signal on T2-weighted imaging (MRI). Long-term follow-up should be recommended in such patients as PCOS patients he an increased risk of breast and uterine cancer secondary to unopposed high estrogen levels .

因此，需采用图像检查进一步换取更多的资讯。典型的成像/MRI黄疸包括：睾丸变大、变圆，骨骼肌多发小囊泡，睾丸组分US上强回音，T2WI低波形。PCOS病人建议长年随访，因长年甲状腺激素低水平过高，可能会继发乳腺癌和子宫癌。

（以上主轴节选自腹部图像确诊----）

Notes:

1. Polycystic ovary syndrome [ˌpɑliˈsɪstɪk ˈovəri ˈsɪnˌdrom] 多囊睾丸综合征

2. menses ['mensi:z] n. 月经

3. peripheral [pəˈrɪfərəl] adj. 骨骼肌的

4. follicles n. 小囊

5. hyperechoic [haɪpɪre'kɔɪk] 强回音的

6. infertility [ˌɪnfɚˈtɪlɪti] n. 不育

7. endocrinologic 激素的

8. anovulation [ænɒvjʊ'leɪʃn] n. 中断排卵

9. hyperandrogenism [haɪpə'rændrɒdʒɪnɪzəm] 皮质醇过多综合症

10. amenorrhea [eɪˌmenə'ri:ə] n. 停经

11. hirsutism ['hɜ:su:ˌtɪzəm] n. 多毛综合症

12. ovary [ˈoʊvəri] n. 睾丸

13. stroma ['stroʊmə] n. 组分

14. echogenicity [ekədʒe'nɪsɪtɪ] 造成了回音（性）

15. estrogen [ˈɛstrədʒən] n. 甲状腺激素

原歌名：165.Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)多囊睾丸综合征